The Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Qurolli Kuchlari), is the name of the unified armed forces of Uzbekistan, consisting of a Ground force, Air and Air Defense forces, National guard a Frontier service.

Map of Uzbekistan, incorrectly including the former. Uzbekistan has an area of 447,400 square kilometres (172,700 sq mi). It is the 56th largest country in the world by area and the 42nd by population.

Among the countries, it is the 4th largest by area and the 2nd largest by population. Uzbekistan lies between latitudes and, and longitudes. It stretches 1,425 kilometres (885 mi) from west to east and 930 kilometres (580 mi) from north to south. Bordering and the (former ) to the north and northwest, and to the southwest, to the southeast, and to the northeast, Uzbekistan is one of the largest states and the only Central Asian state to border all the other four.

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Uzbekistan also shares a short border (less than 150 km or 93 mi) with to the south. Uzbekistan is a dry, country. It is one of two countries in the world (that is, a country completely surrounded by landlocked countries), the other being. In addition, due to its location within a series of basins, none of its rivers lead to the sea. Less than 10% of its territory is intensively cultivated irrigated land in river valleys and oases. The rest is vast desert () and mountains. Comparison of the between 1989 and 2014 Uzbekistan has a rich and diverse natural environment.

However, decades of questionable policies in pursuit of greater production have resulted in a catastrophic scenario with the agricultural industry being the main contributor to the pollution and devastation of both air and water in the country. The used to be the fourth-largest inland sea on Earth, acting as an influencing factor in the air moisture and arid land use. Since the 1960s, the decade when the overuse of the Aral Sea water began, it has shrunk to about 10% of its former area and divided into parts, with only the southern part of the narrow western lobe of the remaining permanently in Uzbekistan.

Reliable, or even approximate data, have not been collected, stored or provided by any organization or official agency. [ ] Much of the water was and continues to be used for the irrigation of cotton fields, a crop requiring a large amount of water to grow.

Due to the Aral Sea problem, high salinity and contamination of the soil with are especially widespread in, the region of Uzbekistan adjacent to the Aral Sea. The bulk of the nation's water resources is used for farming, which accounts for nearly 84% of the water usage and contributes to high. Heavy use of and for cotton growing further aggravates. Rukovodstvo nissan almera tino. According to the UNDP (United Nations Development Program), climate risk management in Uzbekistan needs to consider its ecological safety. The first people known to have inhabited Central Asia were who came from the northern grasslands of what is now Uzbekistan, sometime in the first millennium BC; when these nomads settled in the region they built an extensive irrigation system along the rivers. At this time, cities such as Bukhoro () and Samarqand () emerged as centres of government and high culture.

By the fifth century BC, the,, and states dominated the region. As China began to develop its silk trade with the West, Persian cities took advantage of this commerce by becoming centres of trade. Using an extensive network of cities and rural settlements in the province of, and further east in what is today China's Uygur Autonomous Region, the Sogdian intermediaries became the wealthiest of these Iranian merchants. As a result of this trade on what became known as the, Bukhara and Samarkand eventually became extremely wealthy cities, and at times (Mawarannahr) was one of the most influential and powerful Persian provinces of antiquity. Russian troops taking in 1868,.

In 327 BC Macedonian ruler conquered the provinces of Sogdiana and Bactria, which contained the territories of modern Uzbekistan. A conquest was supposedly of little help to Alexander as popular resistance was fierce, causing Alexander's army to be bogged down in the region that became the northern part of the Macedonian. The kingdom was replaced with the Yuezhi dominated in the 1st century BC. For many centuries the region of Uzbekistan was ruled by the Persian empires, including the and Empires, as well as by other empires, for example those formed by the Turko-Persian and Turkic peoples. In the 8th century, Transoxiana, the territory between the and rivers, was conquered by the Arabs (Ali ibn Sattor) who enriched the region with the Early Renaissance. Many notable scientists lived there and contributed to its development during the Islamic Golden Age.